Immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst and its utilization in maleic acid preparation

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure discloses an immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst and its utilization in maleic acid preparation, belonging to the technical field of metalloporphyrin catalytic application. The immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst is used for catalyzing furfural to prepare maleic acid and is good in catalytic effect, mild in reaction conditions and capable of greatly reducing the energy consumption required in the prior art. The catalyst disclosed by the present disclosure can provide a good microenvironment for a reaction, so that the yield and selectivity of maleic acid are increased; and according to a method disclosed by the present disclosure, the conversion ratio of furfural is 20.4%-95.6%, the yield of maleic acid is 10%-56.1%, and the selectivity is 43.6%-76.1%. Meanwhile, the catalyst is easy to separate and environmentally friendly and may be recycled for many times.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure herein relates to an immobilized metalloporphyrincatalyst and its utilization in maleic acid preparation, belonging tothe technical field of metalloporphyrin catalytic application.

BACKGROUND

In the past few decades, the human society rapidly developed, themodernization level was constantly improved, meanwhile, energy andenvironmental problems were also getting worse. The traditional fossilenergy was difficult to meet the demand of industrial development, andparticularly, and the problems such as global warming, three wastes andhaze brought a constant threat to the human health. Therefore, it wasextremely urgent to find a clean and renewable energy to replace thetraditional fossil energy. As the renewable energy most widelydistributed on the earth, biomass attracts more and more attention fromresearchers, and there are more and more reports on the preparation ofhigh value-added platform compounds from biomass-based raw materials, sothat there is a broad prospect and significance on developing andutilizing biomass energy.

As a biomass-based C5 compound, furfural is derived from agriculturalbyproducts such as corn, wheat and saw dust which are widely availableand renewable, and therefore, the energy reserve of the human cannot bethreatened if the raw materials are utilized. Furfural may besynthesized into a plurality of platform compounds including animportant high value-added intermediate, namely maleic acid which may beused as a synthesis raw material of products such as resin, a coating,an additive, a plasticizer and a drug so as to be widely applied toindustrial production.

However, at present, the production route of maleic acid still adoptsthe way of oxidizing benzene or butane at high temperature and highpressure in the industry, the traditional fossil energy derived frompetroleum is still used, and reaction conditions are relativelystringent, so that great burdens are brought for both energy andeconomy. In recent years, it has been constantly reported that maleicacid was synthesized by using furfural as a raw material. However, thereaction conditions of preparation methods in the reports were stillrelatively stringent, many reactions were required to be performed atthe temperature of higher than 100° C. or the pressure of larger than 2MPa, and the used catalysts were limited to heteropolyacid and vanadiumcatalysts. There is a report that H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀+Cu(NO₃)₂ is used as acatalytic system, furfural is catalytically oxidized at the oxygenpressure of 2 MPa, the yield of maleic acid is 49% after 14 h, althoughthe conversion ratio of furfural is 95%, the selectivity of maleic acidis relatively low and is 52%, and the side reaction phenomenon isrelatively serious. There also is a report that maleic acid is preparedby catalyzing furfural by using H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀.xH₂O alone as a catalyst in awater/organic solvent double-phase system, although the selectivity ofmaleic acid is improved to a certain extent after the reaction lasts for14 h, the yield is only 35%. Both yield and selectivity of maleic acidprepared in the reports are not high, and there is a serious defect thatthe reaction conditions are not mild enough, the oxygen pressure isrelatively high, and the reaction time is also very long, so that theenergy consumption caused by reactions is greatly increased.

SUMMARY

In order to overcome defects and deficiencies in the prior art, thepresent disclosure aims at synthesizing an immobilized metalloporphyrincatalyst with efficient catalytic capacity, which is used for convertingfurfural into maleic acid. The catalyst is easy to prepare, good incatalytic effect under mild reaction conditions and easy to recycle andembodies the purpose of green and sustainable development.

Ferriporphyrins with different substituent groups are firstlysynthesized, although the conversion ratio of furfural may reach 90% orabove under a certain condition when ferriporphyrins are directly usedfor a catalytic reaction, the selectivity of maleic acid is only about50%; after ferriporphyrins are combined with molecular sieve carrierswith special space structures, the yield of maleic acid is 56% and theselectivity is also up to 76% under the optimized reaction condition,meanwhile, the reaction is performed at the pressure of 1 MPa, thereaction time is only 6 h. The reaction condition is milder incomparison with that in the reports, so that the reaction energyconsumption is reduced. In addition, the reaction system isheterogeneous, the catalyst can be separated by simple filtration afterthe reaction is ended, the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalystseparated after being cleaned and dried can also be put into use in thenext time, after five cycle tests, the yield of maleic acid is stillabout 55%, the catalytic performance is almost unchanged. Therefore, thecatalyst has the characteristics of environment friendliness, economyand practicability and has a great application prospect.

The first purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a method forpreparing maleic acid by catalytically oxidizing furfural, and themethod is used for producing maleic acid by carrying out a reaction ofcatalytically oxidizing furfural by using an immobilizedmetalloporphyrin catalyst, furfural serving as a substrate and oxygenserving as an oxidant.

In one embodiment, the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst is obtainedafter metalloporphyrin is combined with a molecular sieve carrier.

In one embodiment, the molecular sieve carrier is any one of MCM-41,SBA-15 and ZSM-5.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the substrate is1:15 to 1:3.

In one embodiment, the addition amount of the catalyst is 20-100 mg ofcatalyst per 0.282 g of furfural.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises: separating the catalystby filtration after ending the reaction of catalytically oxidizingfurfural, carrying out cleaning and drying, and then, reusing thecatalyst for the reaction of catalytically oxidizing furfural.

In one embodiment, the reaction temperature of catalytic oxidation is70-120° C., the reaction time is 3-12 h, and the applied reactionpressure is 0.2-1.2 MPa.

In one embodiment, the reaction temperature of catalytic oxidation is90-110° C., the reaction time is 4-5 h, and the applied reactionpressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa.

In one embodiment, the method for preparing maleic acid by catalyticallyoxidizing furfural specifically comprises:

(1) adding immobilized metalloporphyrin and a certain amount of solvent(water) into a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, adding a certain amount offurfural, placing the liner into a stainless steel reactor, introducingoxygen as the oxidant to carry out a reaction at the temperature of70-120° C. and the applied pressure of 0.2-1.2 MPa for 3-12h, afterending the reaction, cooling the reactor to the room temperature, then,slowly releasing the pressure in the reactor to normal pressure, whereinthe addition amount of the catalyst is 20-100 mg; and

(2) after ending the step (1), separating the catalyst by filtration,carrying out alcohol washing and drying, and then, reusing the catalystin step (1).

In step (2), the conversion ratio of furfural is measured to be20.4%-95.6%, the yield of maleic acid is 10%-56.1%, the selectivity is43.6%-76.1%, and the performance of the catalyst is reduced by about 2%after the catalyst is recycled for five times.

In one embodiment, the structural formula of the metalloporphyrin is

wherein R includes, but is not limited to, —H, —Br, —Cl, —F, —CH₃, —OCH₃and —COOCH₃; and M represents for a metal element Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn orNi.

In one embodiment, the metalloporphyrin is substitutedtetraphenylporphyrin iron, and R is —Br.

The second purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a preparationmethod of the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst, and the immobilizedmetalloporphyrin catalyst is obtained after metalloporphyrin is combinedwith a molecular sieve carrier; and the method comprises: mixing acertain number of molecular sieve carriers with a DMF solution, carryingout stirring for a period of time by heating until solid particles areuniformly dispersed, slowly and dropwise adding the DMF solution of themetalloporphyrin into the mixture, further carrying out a reaction for aperiod of time, carrying out cooling to the room temperature, carryingout suction filtration, cleaning filter cake by using a solvent until afiltrate is colorless, removing a porphyrin ligand relatively weaklyadsorbed on the surfaces of the carriers, and carrying out drying toobtain a brown product.

In one embodiment, the molecular sieve carrier is any one of MCM-41,SBA-15 and ZSM-5.

In one embodiment, the structural formula of the metalloporphyrin is

wherein R includes, but is not limited to, —H, —Br, —Cl, —F, —CH₃, —OCH₃and —COOCH₃; and M represents for a metal element Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn orNi.

In one embodiment, the metalloporphyrin is substitutedtetraphenylporphyrin iron, and R is —Br.

In one embodiment, the preparation of MCM-41 comprises: dissolvinghexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) serving as a template intodeionized water, carrying out stirring for a period of time, addingtetraethoxysilane (TEOS) into the deionized water, regulating the pHvalue of the solution to 10.5 by using NH₃.H₂O (28 wt %), furthercarrying out stirring for a period of time, transferring a gel solutioninto a crystallization kettle for crystallization at 105° C. for 24 h,carrying out filtration, washing, alcohol washing and drying, placingthe obtained solid into a muffle furnace, and calcining to obtain anMCM-41 molecular sieve.

In one embodiment, the preparation of SBA-15 comprises: dissolving P123serving as a template into deionized water, carrying out stirring atroom temperature for a period of time, adding a 2 mol/L HCl solutioninto the deionized water, adding TEOS serving as a silicon source intothe mixed solution, further carrying out a reaction for 22 h,transferring the mixed solution into a crystallization kettle forcrystallization for 24 h, carrying out filtration, washing, alcoholwashing and drying, placing the obtained solid particles into a mufflefurnace, and calcining to remove the template so as to finally obtain anSBA-15 carrier.

In one embodiment, the preparation of ZSM-5 comprises: dissolvingtetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) into deionized water, stirring fora period of time, adding TEOS serving as a silicon source, regulatingthe pH value of the solution by using NaOH, further carrying outstirring for 24 h, adding the obtained solution into a crystallizationkettle for crystallization at a certain temperature for 24 h, carryingout filtration, washing, alcohol washing and drying, and finally,placing the obtained solid into a muffle furnace, and calcining toobtain a ZSM-5 sample.

In one embodiment, the preparation of the substitutedtetraphenylporphyrin iron is performed according to the following steps:

(1) the synthesis of a porphyrin ligand (T(p-R)PP): weighing a certainamount of benzaldehyde with different para-orienting groups, addingpropionic acid serving as a solvent, carrying out heating in an oil bathpan until reflowing, then, slowly and dropwise adding a propionic acidsolution of pyrrole into the mixed solution, carrying out a reaction for1 h, carrying out cooling to room temperature, placing the mixedsolution into a refrigerator to stand overnight, and carrying outsuction filtration to obtain a crude product. The crude product ispurified by using a column chromatography, and adichloromethane/trichloromethane is used as a developing solvent,wherein R includes the substituent groups: —H, —Br, —Cl, —F, —CH₃, —OCH₃and —COOCH₃.

(2) The preparation of substituted tetraphenylporphyrin iron(FeT(p-R)PP): weighing a certain number of porphyrin ligands synthesizedin step (1), dissolving the porphyrin ligands into DMF, carrying outheating in an oil bath pan until reflowing, adding FeCl₂.4H₂O into theporphyrin ligands in batches, further carrying out a reaction for aperiod of time, removing a solvent by using a reduced-pressuredistillation method, immersing the obtained solid into deionized waterovernight, and carrying out suction filtration and washing until afiltrate is colorless to obtain brown ferriporphyrin.

In one embodiment, the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst isFeT(p-R)PP/MCM-41, FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15 or FeT(p-R)PP/ZSM-5 obtained byimmobilizing (FeT(p-R)PP) on the molecular sieve carrier MCM-41, SBA-15or ZSM-5.

Compared with the existent technology, the immobilized metalloporphyrincatalyst has the following advantages and effects:

(1) The catalyst used in the present disclosure is immobilizedmetalloporphyrin which not only has a good catalytic effect forconverting furfural into maleic acid, but also is mild in reactionconditions and capable of greatly reducing the energy consumptionrequired in the existent technology.

(2) The carrier selected by the catalyst disclosed by the disclosure hasa special structure and can provide a good microenvironment for areaction, so that the yield and selectivity of maleic acid areincreased. According to the method disclosed by the present disclosure,the conversion ratio of furfural is 20.4%-95.6%, the yield of maleicacid is 10%-56.1%, and the selectivity is 43.6%-76.1%; and theperformance of the catalyst is reduced by about 2% after the catalyst isrecycled for five times.

(3) The active site of the catalyst used in the present disclosure ismetalloporphyrin which has good properties and realizes the efficientconversion from furfural into maleic acid under relatively mild reactionconditions.

(4) The immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst disclosed by the presentdisclosure is heterogeneous, may be recycled and applied to the nextreaction by simple filtration after the reaction is ended, still has agood catalytic effect after being cycled for many times and embodies thepolicy of green chemistry.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a reaction route for preparing maleic acid in the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 2 is a yield diagram of furfural reactions catalyzed by usingmetalloporphyrin catalysts with different carrier types in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a yield diagram of furfural reactions catalyzed by using animmobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst at different temperatures inExample 2;

FIG. 4 is a yield diagram of furfural reactions catalyzed by using theimmobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst at different times in Example 3;

FIG. 5 is a yield diagram of furfural reactions catalyzed by usingdifferent usage amounts of immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst inExample 4;

FIG. 6 is a yield diagram of furfural reactions catalyzed by using theimmobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst at different reaction pressures inExample 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure is further described below in conjunction withexamples, however, the examples of the present disclosure are notlimited herein.

${Selectivity} = {\frac{Yield}{Conversion} \times 100\%}$${Conversion} = {\frac{{Moles}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{furfural}\mspace{14mu}{converted}}{{Moles}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{furfural}\mspace{14mu}{used}} \times 100\%}$${Yield} = {\frac{{Moles}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{maleic}\mspace{14mu}{acid}\mspace{14mu}{formed}}{{Moles}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{furfural}\mspace{14mu}{used}} \times 100\%}$

EXAMPLE 1

(1) 50 mg of immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15(wherein R is —Br) is weighed and placed into a polytetrafluoroethyleneliner, and the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst and thepolytetrafluoroethylene liner are added into 4 mL of deionized water;

(2) the carrier SBA-15 in step (1) is replaced with MCM-41 and ZSM-5;

(3) 0.282 g of furfural is weighed and added into reaction systems insteps (1) and (2), the polytetrafluoroethylene liner is placed into astainless steel reactor, heating is carried out to reach 90° C. undermagnetic stirring, oxygen is introduced, 1 MPa reaction pressure isapplied to carry out a reaction for 6 h, an oxygen cylinder valve isclosed after the reaction is ended, the reactor is cooled to the roomtemperature, and then, a gas in the reactor is slowly released; and

(4) 50 μL of reaction solution in step (3) is transferred by using apipette, the volume is metered to 5 mL by using deionized water, and theyield of maleic acid is measured by using a high-performance liquidchromatograph.

By measurement, results are shown in FIG. 2, maleic acid has the yieldof 38%, 27.8% or 22.3% and the selectivity of 70.8%, 67.6% or 67%respectively when furfural is catalytically oxidized by using thecatalyst prepared by taking SBA-15, MCM-41 or ZSM-5 as a carrier.

The catalytic effect is compared with the immobilized Ferriporphyrincatalysts with different substituent groups including —H, —Br, —CI, —F,—CH₃, —OCH₃, —COOCH₃ and —SO₃Na. It is showed that the catalytic effectis best when the substituent group is —Br, and the detail is shown inthe experimental data Table 1.

TABLE 1 Results for Preparing Maleic Acid by Catalytically OxidizingFurfural by Using Immobilized Ferriporphyrins with Different SubstituentGroups. Group Catalyst Selectivity (%) 1 FeTPP/SBA-15 48.7 2FeT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 70.8 3 FeT(p-Cl)PP/SBA-15 63.5 4 FeT(p-F)PP/SBA-1552.3 5 FeT(p-CH₃)PP/SBA-15 62.4 6 FeT(p-OCH₃)PP/SBA-15 63 7FeT(p-COOCH₃)PP/SBA-15 65.1 8 FeT(p-SO₃Na)PP/SBA-15 56.2 Note: Reactionconditions: furfural, 0.282 g; catalyst, 50 mg; H₂O, 4 mL; 90° C.; 6 h;and O₂, 1 MPa.

In addition, the disclosure tries to coordinate six metals includingiron, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and nickel with the porphyrinligand for a catalytic reaction, and the detail is shown in theexperimental data Table 2.

TABLE 2 Experimental Results for Preparing Maleic Acid by CatalyticallyOxidizing Furfural by Using Immobilized Porphyrins with Different Kindsof Metals. Conversion Yield Selectivity Group Catalyst (%) (%) (%) 1FeT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 53.7 38 70.8 2 MnT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 20.5 1.1 5.4 3CoT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 33.7 6.2 18.4 4 CuT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 22 3.6 16.4 5ZnT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 38.2 13.6 35.6 6 NiT(p-Br)PP/SBA-15 19.4 0.8 4.1Note: Reaction conditions: furfural, 0.282 g; catalyst, 50 mg; H₂O, 4mL; 90° C.; 6 h; and O₂, 1 MPa.

In addition, the catalytic activities of three immobilizedmetalloporphyrin catalysts with highest conversion ratios under anon-immobilization condition were studied, and the three immobilizedmetalloporphyrin catalysts are respectively FeT(p-Br)PP with theconversion ratio of 51.2%, ZnT(p-Br)PP with the conversion ratio of37.5% and CoT(p-Br)PP with the conversion ratio of 30.2%. The catalyticactivities of the three immobilized metalloporphyrin catalysts areslightly lower than those under an immobilization condition becausemobilized metalloporphyrin has a certain catalytic activity, but thecatalyst is relatively poor in stability, and is easy to oxidize anddegrade; moreover, when the mobilized metalloporphyrin is in use, thereaction system is a homogeneous system, the catalyst cannot berecycled, and meanwhile, the difficulties of separating and purifying aproduct are also increased. However, a immobilized catalyst may berepeatedly used, and the performance of the catalyst is reduced by about2% after the catalyst is recycled for five times.

EXAMPLE 2

(1) 50 mg of immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15(wherein R is —Br) is weighed and placed into a polytetrafluoroethyleneliner and is added into 4 mL of deionized water;

(2) 0.282 g of furfural is weighed and added into a reaction system instep (1), the polytetrafluoroethylene liner is placed into a stainlesssteel reactor, heating is carried out to reach 70-120° C. under magneticstirring, oxygen is introduced, 1 MPa reaction pressure is applied tocarry out a reaction for 6 h, an oxygen cylinder valve is closed afterthe reaction is ended, the reactor is cooled to the room temperature,and then, a gas in the reactor is slowly released; and

(3) 50 μL of reaction solution in step (2) is transferred by using apipette, the volume is metered to 5 mL by using deionized water, and theyield of maleic acid is measured by using a high-performance liquidchromatograph.

By measurement, results are shown in FIG. 3, maleic acid has the yieldof 9.8%, 23.1%, 38%, 48.3%, 37.1% or 35.3% and the selectivity of 48%,60.5%, 70.8%, 76.1%, 50.1% or 43.6% respectively when the reactiontemperature is 70° C., 80° C., 90° C., 100° C., 110° C. or 120° C.

EXAMPLE 3

(1) 50 mg of immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15(wherein R is —Br) is weighed and placed into a polytetrafluoroethyleneliner and is added into 4 mL of deionized water;

(2) 0.282 g of furfural is weighed and added into a reaction system instep (1), the polytetrafluoroethylene liner is placed into a stainlesssteel reactor, heating is carried out to reach 100° C. under magneticstirring, oxygen is introduced, 1 MPa reaction pressure is applied tocarry out a reaction for 3-8 h, an oxygen cylinder valve is closed afterthe reaction is ended, the reactor is cooled to the room temperature,and then, a gas in the reactor is slowly released; and

(3) 50 μL of reaction solution in step (2) is transferred by using apipette, the volume is metered to 5 mL by using deionized water, and theyield of maleic acid is measured by using a high-performance liquidchromatograph.

By measurement, results are shown in FIG. 4, maleic acid has the yieldof 35.7%, 41.6%, 44.1%, 48.3%, 45% or 40.3% and the selectivity of76.4%, 78%, 79.5%, 76.1%, 65.7% or 49% respectively when the reactiontime is 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h or 8 h.

EXAMPLE 4

(1) 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg and 80 mg of immobilizedmetalloporphyrin catalyst FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15 (wherein R is —Br) areweighed and placed into a polytetrafluoroethylene liner and are addedinto 4 mL of deionized water;

(2) 0.282 g of furfural is weighed and added into a reaction system instep (1), the polytetrafluoroethylene liner is placed into a stainlesssteel reactor, heating is carried out to reach 100° C. under magneticstirring, oxygen is introduced, 1 MPa reaction pressure is applied tocarry out a reaction for 6 h, an oxygen cylinder valve is closed afterthe reaction is ended, the reactor is cooled to the room temperature,and then, a gas in the reactor is slowly released; and

(3) 50 μL of reaction solution in step (2) is transferred by using apipette, the volume is metered to 5 mL by using deionized water, and theyield of maleic acid is measured by using a high-performance liquidchromatograph.

By measurement, results are shown in FIG. 5, maleic acid has the yieldof 25.2%, 37.6%, 48.3%, 56.1%, 50.3% or 45.7% and the selectivity of45.8%, 64.2%, 76.1%, 73.8%, 69.9% or 62% respectively when the usageamount of the catalyst is 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg or 80 mg.

EXAMPLE 5

(1) 60 mg of immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15(wherein R is —Br) is weighed and placed into a polytetrafluoroethyleneliner and is added into 4 mL of deionized water;

(2) 0.282 g of furfural is weighed and added into a reaction system instep (1), the polytetrafluoroethylene liner is placed into a stainlesssteel reactor, heating is carried out to reach 100° C. under magneticstirring, oxygen is introduced, 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.6 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1MPa and 1.2 MPa reaction pressures are applied to carry out a reactionfor 6 h, an oxygen cylinder valve is closed after the reaction is ended,the reactor is cooled to the room temperature, and then, a gas in thereactor is slowly released; and

(3) 50 μL of reaction solution in step (2) is transferred by using apipette, the volume is metered to 5 mL by using deionized water, and theyield of maleic acid is measured by using a high-performance liquidchromatograph.

By measurement, results are shown in FIG. 6, maleic acid has the yieldof 10%, 18.2%, 33%, 45.1%, 56.1% or 55% and the selectivity of 50.1%,66.9%, 73.4%, 75.5%, 73.8% or 70.7% respectively when the reactionpressure is 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.6 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1 MPa or 1.2 MPa.

After the reaction in Example 5 is ended, the catalyst under an optimalcondition is separated by filtration and is cleaned and dried to be putinto the optimal experimental condition in the example so as to be usedfor repeated calculation. By calculation, immobilized metalloporphyrinis recycled for five times, and the yield of maleic acid still reachesup to 54%.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of Immobilized Metalloporphyrin Catalyst

The immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst is obtained after substitutedtetraphenylporphyrin iron is combined with a molecular sieve carrier;and the method specifically comprises: mixing a certain number ofmolecular sieve carriers with a DMF solution, carrying out stirring fora period of time by heating until solid particles are uniformlydispersed, slowly and dropwise adding the DMF solution ofmetalloporphyrin into the mixture, further carrying out a reaction for aperiod of time, carrying out cooling to the room temperature, carryingout suction filtration, cleaning filter cake by using a solvent until afiltrate is colorless, removing a porphyrin ligand relatively weaklyadsorbed on the surfaces of the carriers, and carrying out drying toobtain a brown product.

The preparation of substituted tetraphenylporphyrin iron is performedaccording to the following steps:

(1) The synthesis of a porphyrin ligand (T(p-R)PP): weighing a certainamount of benzaldehyde with different para-orienting groups, addingpropionic acid serving as a solvent, carrying out heating in an oil bathpan until reflowing, then, slowly and dropwise adding a propionic acidsolution of pyrrole into the mixed solution, carrying out a reaction for1 h, carrying out cooling to room temperature, placing the mixedsolution into a refrigerator to stand overnight, and carrying outsuction filtration to obtain a crude product. The crude product ispurified by using a column chromatography, and adichloromethane/trichloromethane is used as a developing solvent,wherein R includes the substituent groups: —H, —Br, —Cl, —F, —CH₃, —OCH₃and —COOCH₃.

(2) The preparation of substituted tetraphenylporphyrin iron(FeT(p-R)PP): weighing a certain number of porphyrin ligands synthesizedin step (1), dissolving the porphyrin ligands into DMF, carrying outheating in an oil bath pan until reflowing, adding FeCl₂.4H₂O into theporphyrin ligands in batches, further carrying out a reaction for aperiod of time, removing a solvent by using a reduced-pressuredistillation method, immersing the obtained solid into deionized waterovernight, and carrying out suction filtration and washing until afiltrate is colorless to obtain brown ferriporphyrin.

The molecular sieve carrier is MCM-41, SBA-15 or ZSM-5, and the obtainedimmobilized metalloporphyrin catalysts are respectivelyFeT(p-R)PP/MCM-41, FeT(p-R)PP/SBA-15 and FeT(p-R)PP/ZSM-5.

The disclosure described and claimed herein is not to be limited inscope by the specific aspects herein disclosed. Any person skilled inthe art can make modifications without departing from the spirit andscope of the disclosure. The scope of protection of the presentdisclosure should therefore be defined by the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. The method of using an immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst, comprising oxidizing furfural with the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst, and obtaining maleic acid; wherein furfural serves as a substrate, oxygen serves as an oxidant and immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst serves as a catalyst for producing maleic acid; wherein a weight ratio of amount of the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst to furfural is 20-100 milligrams of the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst per 0.282 gram of furfural; wherein the immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst is obtained after combining metalloporphyrin with a molecular sieve carrier; wherein structural formula of the metalloporphyrin is

where R is selected from H, Br, Cl, F, CH₃, OCH₃, SO₃Na and COOCH₃; and M represents for a metal element Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn or Ni.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molecular sieve carrier is selected from a group consisting of MCM-41, SBA-15, ZSM-5, and a combination thereof. 